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Sens més, entrem ja en matèria amb els Reporting Verbs!
REPORTING VERBS
Al nostre article sobre els Reported Speech, parlem sobre com canvia el Direct Speech (“I like dogs”) en aplicar-li el Reported Speech (“He said he liked dogs”), fent servir el verb “say”, “tell” i “ask”. Aquests verbs (i molts més) són els Reporting Verbs.
Com acabem de dir, també podem fer sevir altres verbs que “reportin” el que algú ha dit, com promise, warn, advice i recommend. Aquests poden fer que les teves frases, tant quan parlem com quan escribim, sonin més interessants i elaborades que simplement reproduïnt el que aquella persona va dir. A més, també és una forma més eficient.
Recordem:
Una frase en Direct Speech:
“I’m sure that everything will be alright in the end”
Passem-la al Reported Speech:
Amb “say”, hauríem de dir més paraules:
He said that he was sure that everything would be alright.
Si utilitzem un REPORTING VERB ens assegurarem de poder fer les frases més curtes i clares:
He assured me that everything would be alright.
Cada verb segueix un d’aquests patrons per formular la frase:
- I explained (that) I had been at the bank all this time.
- The airline reassured me that this had never happened before.
- She agreed to go to the party.
- She reminded him to come to our house at the weekend.
- She suggested having the party at Peter’s place.
Repassem alguns dels REPORTING VERBS que pots utilitzar i uns exemples:
*NO CONFONDRE Advise (verb) amb Advice (sustantiu).
- Advise + someone + to + infinitive
She advised him to see a doctor.
- Advise + (that) + clause
The staff advise that you carry water at all times.
- Advise + against + verb-ing
I’d advise against leaving early. (Desaconsellar)
- Agree + to + infinitive
We agreed to catch up at the weekend.
- Agree + (that) + clause
She agreed that we could leave earlier today.
- Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing
They apologised to the staff for not telling them about the closure.
She apologised for arriving late.
- Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun
The hotel manager apologised for the delay.
- Decide + to + infinitive
We decided to have lunch earlier.
- Decide + (that) + clause
We decided that we would have lunch earlier.
- Encourage + someone + to + infinitive
I encouraged him to start on his online course.
- Explain + (that) + clause
I explained that it wasn’t too late.
- Explain + noun + to + someone
I explained the grammar to him.
NO DIR: I explained him the grammar
- Explain + question word + to + infinitive
I explained how to access the course.
- Explain + question word + clause
We explained why it was important.
- Insist + on + verb-ing
He insisted on coming to the party.
- Insist + (that) + clause
He insisted that he came to our party.
- Promise + to + infinitive
He promised to work harder.
- Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause
I promised him that I would work harder.
- Recommend + verb-ing
I recommend starting as soon as possible.
- Recommend + (that) + clause
I recommend that you start as soon as possible.
- Remind + someone + to + infinitive
She reminded him to start before it was too late.
- Remind + someone + (that) + clause
She reminded him that it was important to start.
- Suggest + verb-ing
She suggested starting soon.
- Suggest + (that) + clause
She suggested that he started soon.
- Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive
I warned him not to go near the dog.
- Warn + someone + about + something
I warned him about the dangerous dog.
NEGATIUS
Per fer els verbs que hem reportat en negatiu, ens hem de fixar en el verb del Direct Speech:
- Qua hi ha una frase, fem el negatiu de forma normal: “She suggested that we didn’t go to the party.”
- Quan hi ha ‘to + infinitive’, generalment posem ‘not’ abans del ‘to’: “He promised not to go near the dog again.”
- Quan hi ha ‘verb-ing’, generalment posem ‘not’ davant del verb: “I advised not taking the train.”